{"id":1864,"date":"2019-05-09T20:03:47","date_gmt":"2019-05-09T20:03:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thingslog.com\/fr\/?p=1864"},"modified":"2026-04-24T18:49:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T18:49:57","slug":"test-terrain-lorawan-und-1101-lpmdl-1103-portee-couverture-zone-rurale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thingslog.com\/fr\/ressources\/test-terrain-lorawan-und-1101-lpmdl-1103-portee-couverture-zone-rurale\/","title":{"rendered":"Test de terrain LoRaWAN UND-1101 et LPMDL-1103 : port\u00e9e et couverture en zone rurale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9aliser un test de terrain de la passerelle LoRa\/LoRaWAN ThingsLog UND-1101 et de l&#8217;enregistreur LPMDL-1103 dans un terrain plat autour d&#8217;\u00c9tampes, dans la Beauce, au sud de Paris.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#contexte\">Contexte et objectifs du test<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#materiel\">\u00c9quipement utilis\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#methodologie\">M\u00e9thodologie du test<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#resultats\">R\u00e9sultats d\u00e9taill\u00e9s<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#analyse\">Analyse et interpr\u00e9tation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#implications\">Implications pratiques pour les d\u00e9ploiements IoT<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin-bottom:1.5em\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background:#f2f2f2\">\n<th>Param\u00e8tre<\/th>\n<th>Valeur<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Lieu du test<\/td>\n<td>R\u00e9gion d&#8217;\u00c9tampes, Beauce (sud de Paris), terrain plat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Passerelle<\/td>\n<td>ThingsLog UND-1101 avec antenne externe 9 dBd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N\u0153ud terminal<\/td>\n<td>ThingsLog LPMDL-1103 (antennes 2 dBi interne et externe)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Spreading Factor<\/td>\n<td>SF11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Puissance d&#8217;\u00e9mission<\/td>\n<td>Indice 1 (r\u00e9glage bas)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Port\u00e9e sans ligne de vue<\/td>\n<td>6\u20137 km couvertes facilement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Port\u00e9e avec ligne de vue<\/td>\n<td>10\u201320 km<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Port\u00e9e maximale enregistr\u00e9e<\/td>\n<td>29 km (via gateway TTN tierce)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1733\" src=\"https:\/\/thingslog.com\/bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/05\/iot-in-shopsko-gw-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Gateway LoRaWAN ThingsLog UND-1101 sur toit\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1732 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/thingslog.com\/bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/05\/iot-in-shopsko-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Visualisation donn\u00e9es ThingsLog LoRaWAN\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"contexte\">Contexte et objectifs du test<\/h2>\n<p>L&#8217;objectif \u00e9tait de couvrir une grande zone plate en zone rurale et les villages sur les pentes des collines de part et d&#8217;autre de la plaine. \u00c0 5-10 km, \u00e0 une altitude plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que la ville centrale. Ce type de terrain repr\u00e9sente des conditions typiques de d\u00e9ploiement IoT pour la surveillance de r\u00e9seaux d&#8217;eau, de stations de pompage ou de capteurs agricoles en zone rurale.<\/p>\n<p>La question centrale du test : une infrastructure LoRaWAN \u00e9conomique peut-elle offrir une couverture suffisante pour un d\u00e9ploiement \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle en zone rurale fran\u00e7aise, sans recourir \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau cellulaire co\u00fbteux ? La Beauce \u2014 r\u00e9gion agricole plate au sud de Paris \u2014 est repr\u00e9sentative de nombreuses zones rurales fran\u00e7aises o\u00f9 la surveillance IoT d&#8217;irrigation, de pompage ou de qualit\u00e9 d&#8217;eau est pertinente mais souvent limit\u00e9e par la connectivit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"materiel\">\u00c9quipement utilis\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Passerelle : ThingsLog UND-1101<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gateway LoRaWAN \u00e0 8 canaux<\/li>\n<li>Mont\u00e9e sur un toit plat avec une antenne externe pr\u00e9sentant un gain de 9 dBd<\/li>\n<li>Connect\u00e9e \u00e0 internet via Ethernet local<\/li>\n<li>Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e avec The Things Network (TTN) pour la collecte de donn\u00e9es<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>N\u0153ud terminal : ThingsLog LPMDL-1103<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enregistreur LoRaWAN pour comptage d&#8217;impulsions et mesures analogiques<\/li>\n<li>Test\u00e9 avec deux configurations d&#8217;antenne : antenne interne (2 dBi) et antenne externe (2 dBi)<\/li>\n<li>Mode de transmission : SF11, puissance d&#8217;\u00e9mission indice 1 (minimal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1455 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/thingslog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/IMG_20190506_111016-2-1024x409.jpg\" alt=\"ThingsLog test de terrain LoRaWAN\" width=\"800\" height=\"320\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"methodologie\">M\u00e9thodologie du test<\/h2>\n<p>Le test de terrain a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 avec un indice de puissance 1 et un SF (spreading factor) 11, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la sp\u00e9cification LoRa\/LoRaWAN. Le SF11 correspond \u00e0 un bon \u00e9quilibre entre port\u00e9e maximale et d\u00e9bit. Il offre une port\u00e9e nettement sup\u00e9rieure au SF7 ou SF8 utilis\u00e9s en milieu urbain dense, au prix d&#8217;une dur\u00e9e d&#8217;\u00e9mission plus longue (et donc d&#8217;une l\u00e9g\u00e8re r\u00e9duction de l&#8217;autonomie).<\/p>\n<p>Le test a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 avec <strong>TTN Mapper<\/strong>, un outil collaboratif qui enregistre les positions GPS des transmissions re\u00e7ues et les affiche sur une carte de couverture. Cette approche permet une \u00e9valuation objective et reproductible de la couverture, avec horodatage et valeurs RSSI\/SNR pour chaque point mesur\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>En outre, Deux conditions de test ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es pour l&#8217;antenne du LPMDL-1103 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Antenne interne<\/strong> \u2014 Simulation d&#8217;un enregistreur en bo\u00eete plastique standard, condition de d\u00e9ploiement habituelle pour les compteurs en surface<\/li>\n<li><strong>Antenne externe<\/strong> \u2014 Simulation d&#8217;un enregistreur avec c\u00e2ble d&#8217;antenne d\u00e9port\u00e9, recommand\u00e9 pour les installations en bo\u00eete m\u00e9tallique ou enterr\u00e9es<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Un test suppl\u00e9mentaire a simul\u00e9 les conditions d\u00e9favorables d&#8217;un compteur enterr\u00e9 : l&#8217;enregistreur a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9 dans une bo\u00eete m\u00e9tallique ferm\u00e9e, simulant une chambre de compteur en b\u00e9ton ou une bo\u00eete de regard en acier.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"resultats\">R\u00e9sultats d\u00e9taill\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1456 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/thingslog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/IMG-9505a966e3bcc7abe597791823b8f59b-V-2-1024x764.jpg\" alt=\"ThingsLog test de port\u00e9e LoRaWAN Beauce\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>6\u20137 km couverts facilement<\/strong> \u2014 m\u00eame sans ligne de vue directe (NLOS), dans les zones de villages derri\u00e8re des bosquets ou en l\u00e9g\u00e8re d\u00e9pression topographique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>10\u201320 km couverts avec ligne de vue directe<\/strong> \u2014 sur les champs ouverts de la Beauce en direction des villages sur les pentes des collines.<\/li>\n<li><strong>29 km de signal captur\u00e9<\/strong> \u2014 occasionnellement, d&#8217;autres passerelles du r\u00e9seau TTN ont captur\u00e9 notre signal \u00e0 29 km de distance, d\u00e9montrant le potentiel exceptionnel de LoRa en terrain d\u00e9gag\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Diff\u00e9rence antenne interne vs externe : 2 \u00e0 4 dB SNR<\/strong> \u2014 une am\u00e9lioration modeste mais significative pour les d\u00e9ploiements \u00e0 grande distance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bo\u00eete m\u00e9tallique : -5 dB<\/strong> \u2014 quel que soit le type d&#8217;antenne. Un c\u00e2ble d&#8217;antenne externe est fortement recommand\u00e9 pour les installations en bo\u00eete m\u00e9tallique ou en chambre de compteur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1462\" src=\"https:\/\/thingslog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/distances-1-1024x419.png\" alt=\"Distances test port\u00e9e LoRaWAN ThingsLog\" width=\"790\" height=\"323\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"analyse\">Analyse et interpr\u00e9tation<\/h2>\n<p>De plus, L&#8217;UND-1101 a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 des performances \u00e9tonnamment similaires \u00e0 la passerelle Kerlink. Une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence bien \u00e9tablie du march\u00e9 des gateways LoRaWAN professionnelles \u2014 malgr\u00e9 un positionnement tarifaire significativement diff\u00e9rent. Cette comparaison valide l&#8217;approche technique de ThingsLog : des composants RF de qualit\u00e9 professionnelle \u00e0 un prix accessible.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin-top:1em\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background:#f2f2f2\">\n<th>Configuration<\/th>\n<th>Port\u00e9e NLOS (sans LOS)<\/th>\n<th>Port\u00e9e LOS<\/th>\n<th>Impact bo\u00eete m\u00e9tallique<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>LPMDL-1103 antenne interne<\/td>\n<td>5\u20136 km<\/td>\n<td>15\u201320 km<\/td>\n<td>-5 dB SNR<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>LPMDL-1103 antenne externe<\/td>\n<td>6\u20137 km<\/td>\n<td>18\u201320+ km<\/td>\n<td>-5 dB SNR<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gateway TTN tierce (29 km)<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>29 km captur\u00e9s<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"implications\">Implications pratiques pour les d\u00e9ploiements IoT<\/h2>\n<p>La couverture de la zone souhait\u00e9e est tr\u00e8s satisfaisante et peut sauver la mise pour un d\u00e9ploiement IoT \u00e0 faible co\u00fbt en zone rurale. Ces r\u00e9sultats ont plusieurs implications concr\u00e8tes pour les planificateurs de r\u00e9seaux IoT :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00e9l\u00e9rel\u00e8ve de compteurs d&#8217;eau en zone rurale<\/strong> \u2014 Une seule gateway UND-1101 plac\u00e9e sur un ch\u00e2teau d&#8217;eau ou le toit d&#8217;un b\u00e2timent communal peut couvrir l&#8217;ensemble des hameaux et fermes d&#8217;une commune rurale de 10-15 km de rayon<\/li>\n<li><strong>Surveillance de stations de pompage agricoles<\/strong> \u2014 Les stations de pompage d&#8217;irrigation, souvent situ\u00e9es en zone d\u00e9gag\u00e9e, sont id\u00e9alement desservies par LoRa. La connexion GSM peut \u00eatre al\u00e9atoire en zone rurale, mais LoRa offre une alternative fiable<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9seau de capteurs de qualit\u00e9 d&#8217;eau<\/strong> \u2014 Un r\u00e9seau de points de mesure (pH, conductivit\u00e9, turbidit\u00e9) r\u00e9partis sur un bassin versant peut \u00eatre connect\u00e9 via une infrastructure LoRaWAN locale sans abonnement cellulaire<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9caution pour les bo\u00eetes m\u00e9talliques<\/strong> \u2014 Les enregistreurs install\u00e9s dans des bo\u00eetes m\u00e9talliques ou des chambres de regard en b\u00e9ton doivent syst\u00e9matiquement \u00eatre \u00e9quip\u00e9s d&#8217;un c\u00e2ble d&#8217;antenne externe pour compenser l&#8217;att\u00e9nuation de -5 dB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La combinaison UND-1101 + LPMDL-1103 d\u00e9montre qu&#8217;une infrastructure LoRaWAN \u00e9conomique peut offrir une couverture fiable sur de grandes distances en terrain d\u00e9gag\u00e9. Id\u00e9ale pour la surveillance de r\u00e9seaux d&#8217;irrigation, de capteurs agricoles ou d&#8217;infrastructure rurale.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n<h3>Quel Spreading Factor choisir pour maximiser la port\u00e9e en zone rurale ?<\/h3>\n<p>Pour maximiser la port\u00e9e, utilisez SF12 \u2014 le Spreading Factor le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de la plage LoRa. Il offre une port\u00e9e environ 2\u00d7 sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 SF7, au prix d&#8217;un d\u00e9bit r\u00e9duit (~290 bps) et d&#8217;une dur\u00e9e d&#8217;\u00e9mission plus longue (ce qui peut augmenter la consommation et r\u00e9duire l\u00e9g\u00e8rement l&#8217;autonomie batterie). Pour la t\u00e9l\u00e9rel\u00e8ve de compteurs (quelques octets toutes les heures), SF12 est un excellent choix en zone rurale difficile. Le test ThingsLog a utilis\u00e9 SF11, qui offre d\u00e9j\u00e0 une port\u00e9e exceptionnelle comme le montrent les r\u00e9sultats.<\/p>\n<h3>Combien de n\u0153uds terminaux une seule gateway UND-1101 peut-elle g\u00e9rer ?<\/h3>\n<p>Une gateway LoRaWAN \u00e0 8 canaux comme l&#8217;UND-1101 peut recevoir simultan\u00e9ment des transmissions de centaines, voire de milliers de n\u0153uds terminaux. La capacit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle d\u00e9pend de la fr\u00e9quence de transmission de chaque n\u0153ud et du duty cycle r\u00e9glementaire (1% en Europe sur 868 MHz). Pour la t\u00e9l\u00e9rel\u00e8ve de compteurs \u00e0 fr\u00e9quence horaire, une seule gateway peut g\u00e9rer plusieurs centaines d&#8217;enregistreurs sans saturation.<\/p>\n<h3>La couverture LoRaWAN est-elle affect\u00e9e par la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9o ?<\/h3>\n<p>La v\u00e9g\u00e9tation dense (for\u00eats) peut r\u00e9duire la port\u00e9e de 5 \u00e0 10 dB selon la densit\u00e9 du couvert. La pluie et le brouillard ont un impact mineur sur LoRa (868 MHz). Bien moindre que sur les liaisons micro-ondes \u00e0 haute fr\u00e9quence. Le param\u00e8tre le plus impactant reste la topographie : les cr\u00eates et b\u00e2timents bloquant la ligne de vue directe r\u00e9duisent la port\u00e9e plus significativement que les conditions atmosph\u00e9riques.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Articles recommand\u00e9s :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thingslog.com\/fr\/webinaires-et-videos\/webinaire-gratuit-lora-lpwan-amateurs-utilities\/\">Webinaire : LoRa et LPWAN pour les utilities<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thingslog.com\/fr\/ressources\/faq-enregistreurs-donnees-thingslog\/\">FAQ enregistreurs de donn\u00e9es ThingsLog<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Test de terrain de la passerelle LoRaWAN UND-1101 et de l&#8217;enregistreur LPMDL-1103 en terrain plat : port\u00e9es de 6 \u00e0 29 km mesur\u00e9es avec TTN Mapper, comparaison antennes et performances en zone masqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1871,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[314,140,149,316,315,317],"class_list":["post-1864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ressources","tag-deploiement-lpwan-economique","tag-lora","tag-lorawan","tag-lpmdl-1101","tag-test-de-couverture-iot","tag-und1101"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Test de terrain LoRaWAN UND-1101 et LPMDL-1103 : port\u00e9e et couverture en zone rurale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"R\u00e9sultats complets du test de port\u00e9e LoRaWAN ThingsLog UND-1101 + LPMDL-1103 en terrain plat (Beauce, France) : 6-7 km sans ligne de vue, 20 km avec LOS, comparaison 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